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The effect of dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, on ethanol withdrawal symptoms was studied in chronically ethanol-fed rats. After a 4-day ethanol intoxication period the rats were given sc injections of dexmedetomidine (3, 10, or 30 μg/kg) or saline (control group) at 10, 16, 22, and 39 h after the last dose of ethanol. The severity of ethanol withdrawal symptoms...
Ethanol is metabolized in human and rodent liver primarily by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Hepatic ADH activity in adult males and females of seven inbred strains of mice was determined to examine genotype- and sex-dependent variability among the strains and the level of sexual dimorphism in each of the strains. ADH activity varied considerably among the strains, which could be categorized...
The effects of arsenic and ethanol interaction on blood, liver and serum biochemical indices, and arsenic concentration in soft tissues of rats were investigated to determine the influence of these substances in inducing susceptibility to arsenic poisoning. Arsenic, intraperitoneally (100 ppm, once, daily), ethanol in drinking water (10%), or the combination were administered for a period of 6 weeks...
The densities of subtypes of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) receptors were determined in the CNS of male alcohol-naive HAD and LAD lines of rats. Autoradiographic studies were undertaken to measure the densities of (a) 5-HT 1A sites labelled with 2 nM [ 3 H]8-OH DPAT, (b) 5-HT 2A sites labelled with 2 nM [ 3 H] ketanserin, (c) D 1 sites labelled...
The fetal alcohol syndrome is a clinical condition that affects newborns from alcoholic mothers. It is not clear, however, whether ethanol consumption during gestation can affect liver functions of fetuses and newborns. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of ethanol administration on body weight, liver energy level, and antioxidant status of mothers, fetuses, and newborns. Pregnant rats...
Exposure to stressors can increase ethanol consumption and ethanol can attenuate the behavioral and biochemical effects of stressors. This study determined whether the availability of ethanol during the period of exposure to repeated restraint alters the poststress increase in ethanol intake. Seven days of restraint increased ethanol intake on the first poststress test only in animals deprived of...
The effects of increasing concentrations of ethanol (25-200 mM) on the enhancement of [ 3 H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate ([ 3 H]PDBu) binding produced by different glutamate receptor agonists, indicative of a translocation of the intracellular enzyme protein kinase C (PKC), were studied in rat cerebellar granule cells at 2, 4, 8, and 12 days in vitro (DIV). Glutamate-produced stimulation...
This section of the journal is designed to provide readers with reviews of recent literature, and to stimulate research on questions that are important in the treatment and prevention of alcohol addiction. Research can provide insight into the causes of alcohol abuse and addiction, as well as answers to questions concerning the biomedical and psychological consequences of alcohol consumption. The...
The present study was aimed at determining whether the concurrent availability of highly palatable fluids (i.e., a chocolate-flavored drink and a sucrose solution) would alter voluntary ethanol drinking in selectively bred, alcohol-preferring sP and -nonpreferring sNP rats. Ethanol intake occurred under the three-bottle, free choice regimen between 10% (v/v) ethanol solution, tap water, and the palatable...
Acutely dissociated rat brain cells were loaded with the magnesium-sensitive fluorescent dye furaptra. Stimulation with varying concentrations of GLU + 1 μM GLY produced a concentration-dependent increase in free intracellular magnesium ([Mg 2+ ] i ) that was not dependent on the presence of extracellular Mg 2+ . Ethanol (50 mM) did not significantly inhibit GLU/GLY-stimulated...
The effects of several days of oral ethanol drinking paired with naltrexone (NTX) on subsequent ethanol drinking were investigated in rats. We hypothesized that repeated pairings of NTX combined with forced oral ethanol intake would extinguish ethanol drinking so that when NTX injections were terminated, voluntary oral ethanol drinking would be suppressed. Thirty-two male, Long-Evans rats were provided...
An investigation was carried out to determine changes in the contents of skeletal muscle myofibrillary proteins (i.e., the contractile fraction composed principally of actin and myosin) and gene expression in skeletal muscle in response to ethanol feeding. Male Wistar rats were fed a nutritionally complete liquid diet, which contained 35% of total calories as ethanol. Controls were pair-fed isocaloric...
We examined the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on serum prolactin levels and on the ability of the D 2 dopamine antagonist sulpiride to stimulate prolactin release in Long-Evans rats. Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (0, 3, or 5 g/kg/day) from gestational day 8 (GD8) to GD20. Adult female offspring were screened for estrous cycle stage. At diestrus, the rats were challenged...
Previous pharmacological studies show that adenosine receptors in the corpus striatum may be involved in locomotor coordination. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the adenosine A 1 receptor subtype would alter the locomotor response due to incapacitating doses of alcohol. In these experiments, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeted to the adenosine A ...
Previous studies have shown that the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is implicated in the reinforcing effects of ethanol and other abused drugs. Ethanol also alters DA overflow and uptake in vivo. Further studies of the role of DA in the behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethanol may help explain the pharmacological mechanisms by which these effects are produced. In these studies we used in vivo...
Few studies have investigated neurobehavioral and neurochemical consequences of chronic consumption of low doses of ethanol. The present study shows that in rats exposure to 3% ethanol (v/v in drinking water) for 2 months decreased both calcium-dependent and - independent protein kinase C (PKC) activities in the cortex and in the hippocampus. This treatment also reduced ultrasonic calls (UCs), an...
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